Overweight and obese men and women (24–61 yr of age) were
recruited into a randomized trial to compare the effects of
a low-fat (LF)
vs. a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet on weight loss.
Thirty-one subjects completed all 10 wk of the diet intervention
(retention, 78%). Subjects on the LF diet consumed an average
of 17.8% of energy from fat, compared with their habitual intake
of 36.4%, and had a resulting energy restriction of 2540 kJ/d.
Subjects on the LC diet consumed an average of 15.4% carbohydrate,
compared with habitual intakes of about 50% carbohydrate, and
had a resulting energy restriction of 3195 kJ/d. Both groups
of subjects had significant weight loss over the 10 wk of diet
intervention and nearly identical improvements in body weight
and fat mass. LF subjects lost an average of 6.8 kg and had
a decrease in body mass index of 2.2 kg/m
2, compared with a
loss of 7.0 kg and decrease in body mass index of 2.1 kg/m
2 in the LC subjects. The LF group better preserved lean body
mass when compared with the LC group; however, only the LC group
had a significant decrease in circulating insulin concentrations.
Group results indicated that the diets were equally effective
in reducing systolic blood pressure by about 10 mm Hg and diastolic
pressure by 5 mm Hg and decreasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
bioactivity. Blood ß-hydroxybutyrate concentrations
were increased in the LC only, at the 2- and 4-wk time points.
These data suggest that energy restriction achieved by a very
LC diet is equally effective as a LF diet strategy for weight
loss and decreasing body fat in overweight and obese adults.
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